CSS-Geology-Syllabus-2025 Multan Kitab Ghar

CSS Geology Syllabus 2025

CSS Geology 2025 Group 2

CSS Geology Syllabus 2025

This article covers the CSS Geology complete Syllabus 2025.

The syllabus of CSS Geology consists of 2 parts of a collective 100 marks i.e.50 marks each.

The examination for CSS Geology is the Group 2 exam for CSS candidates.

CSS Geology Syllabus 2025

Part-I (50 marks)

Introduction to Physical Geology:

    • Introduction and scope of geology, its importance and relationship with other sciences. 
    • Earth as a member of the solar system: its origin, age, composition and internal structure. 
    • Introduction to rocks and minerals; 
    • Weathering and erosion; 
    • Isostasy; 
    • Geological Time Scale

Stratigraphy and Paleontology: 

    • Principles of stratigraphy; 
    • Laws of superposition and faunal succession; 
    • Geological time scale with divisions; 
    • Classification and nomenclature of stratigraphic units: 
    • lithostratigraphic units, bio-stratigraphic units and chronostratigraphic units. 
    • Introduction to fossils and their significance; 
    • Modes of fossilization; 
    • Study of morphology, 
    • Range and a broad classification of major invertebrate phyla; 
    • Introduction to microfossils; 
    • Introduction to Paleobotany; 
    • Introduction and classification of major vertebrates; 
    • Introduction to micropaleontology

Mineralogy: 

    • Classification of minerals; 
    • Study of internal structure; 
    • Polymorphism and isomorphism; 
    • Paragenesis; 
    • Physical and optical properties of the common silicate and non-silicate mineral groups; 
    • Introduction to crystallography: elements of symmetry, study; normal classes of crystallographic systems.

Structural Geology and Tectonics: 

    • Stress-strain concepts; 
    • Factors controlling the mechanical behavior of materials; 
    • Folds; 
    • Faults; 
    • Joints; 
    • Foliation: terminology, classification and relationship with bedding; 
    • Lineation; Unconformity. 
    • Plate tectonics theory; 
    • Geological evidence for continental drift; 
    • Sea-floor spreading; 
    • Oceanic ridges; 
    • Continental rifts; 
    • Intra-oceanic islands; 
    • Hot spot and Mantle plumes; 
    • Wilson Cycle; 
    • Tectonic framework of Pakistan

Petrology and Petrography:

    • Introduction, classification and description of sedimentary rocks; 
    • Origin; transportation and deposition of sediments; 
    • Texture of sedimentary rocks; 
    • Sedimentary structures, their classification, morphology and significance; 
    • Composition, origin, differentiation and evolution of magma; 
    • Classification of igneous rocks; 
    • Mode of occurrences and types of extrusive rocks; 
    • Texture and structure of igneous rocks; 
    • Introduction to metamorphism; 
    • Types of metamorphism; 
    • Grades, zones and facies of metamorphism; 
    • Metamorphic diffusion and differentiation; 
    • Metamorphism in relation to Plate Tectonics; 
    • Differentiation between metamorphism and metasomatism. 
    • Introduction to Polarizing Microscope; 
    • Optical properties of opaque and non opaque minerals in plane-polarized light and under crossed nicol including metallic under reflected light; 
    • Description of optical properties of common rock-forming minerals

Part-II (50 marks)

Introduction to Geophysics: 

    • Definition and relation of geophysics with other sciences; 
    • Classification and a brief description of various branches of geophysics such as seismology, geomagnetism, geo-electricity, tectonophysics, gravimetry, geo-thermy and geodesy; 
    • Introduction to various geophysical techniques for exploration of mineral deposits, oil and gas, subsurface water and engineering works

Sequence Stratigraphy: 

    • Introduction: history, concept and significance of sequence stratigraphy; 
    • Data sources: seismic reflections, outcrops, well logs, core and seismic facies; 
    • Sea level changes: their causes and effects, accommodation, eustatic and relative sea curve; 
    • Hierarchy of sequence stratigraphic elements; 
    • Types of sequences and systems tracts.

Petroleum Geology: 

    • The nature and classification of petroleum hydrocarbons, their origin, migration and accumulation; 
    • Source sediments, reservoir rocks and trapping mechanism for oil and gas; 
    • Prospecting and exploration of oil and gas; 
    • Reservoir: characteristics, drive mechanism, energy and pressure maintenance; 
    • Secondary and enhanced recovery; 
    • Introduction to Sedimentary Basins of Pakistan.

Engineering and Environmental Geology: 

    • Rock and soil mechanics and its application in civil engineering; 
    • Rock mass characteristics; 
    • Geotechnical studies of rocks and soils; 
    • Geological factors and strength of rocks; 
    • Study of geological factors in relation to the construction of buildings’ foundations, roads, highways, tunnels, dams and bridges; 
    • Application of geophysical methods for site investigation; 
    • Construction materials; 
    • Mass movement: their causes and prevention. 
    • Introduction to environmental geology; 
    • Management of natural resources; 
    • Global climatic changes; 
    • Environmental controls for erosion, desertification and coastal degradation; 
    • Geological hazards such as floods, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, glaciers and shoreline processes; 
    • Remedial measures; 
    • Clean sources of energy; 
    • Industrial pollution, solid and liquid waste disposal,
    • Introduction to environmental impact assessment and initial environmental examination.

Mineral and Energy Resources: 

    • Introduction of geological exploration/prospecting. 
    • Brief description of hydrocarbons, coal, gemstones, copper, lead, zinc, iron, gold, chromite, manganese, salt, gypsum, bauxite, sulfur, barite, fluorite, clays, phosphorite, building and dimension stones; 
    • Industrial rocks and minerals; 
    • Radioactive minerals and rocks; 
    • Special reference to economic mineral deposits in Pakistan. 
    • Origin, occurrence, and depositional environments of coal; 
    • Coal constitution and its kinds; 
    • Coal rank, grade and calorific value; 
    • Coal deposits of Pakistan with reference to Thar Coal; 
    • Geothermal energy resources of Pakistan. 

Economic and Applied Geology: 

    • Metallic and Non-metallic mineral resources of Pakistan; 
    • Mineral-based industries. 
    • Overview of Recodec Copper; 
    • Radioactive minerals and their occurrences in Pakistan; 
    • Gemstones of Pakistan. 
    • Geology of Reservoirs, dams, highways and tunnels; 
    • Major natural hazards and their impacts on the environment with special reference to Pakistan

This is the complete syllabus for preparation of CSS Geology.

The Candidates should prepare thoroughly to succeed in the examination.

Therefore, here are a few suggested books you can buy for better learning about CSS Geology from your favorite Multan Kitab Ghar online bookstore.

Suggested Reading Books for CSS Geology 2025

  • Physical Geology by  Charles Plummer, David McGeary, Diane Carlson
  • Physical Geology by Charles (Carlos) Plummer, Diane Carlson 
  • Principles of Physical Geology by Holmes, A 
  • Principles of Paleontology by Raup, D.M. & Stanley, S.M 
  • Vertebrate Paleontology by Romer, A.S 
  • Invertebrate Paleontology and Evolution by Clackson, E.N.K
  • Stratigraphy of Pakistan by Shah, S.M.I. 
  • Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy by Boggs, S 
  • Stratigraphy and Historical Geology of Pakistan by Kazmi, A.H and Abbasi, I.A
  • Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology by Best, M.G.
  • Introduction to Optical Mineralogy by Nesse, W.D
  • An Atlas of Minerals in Thin Section by Schulze, D.J.
  • Minerals and Rocks by Klein, C. 
  • Mineral Characterization and Processing by Mohapatra, B.K., Misra, V 
  • Principles of Mineralogy by William. H.B.
  • Mineralogy by Perkins, D 
  • Plate Tectonics – Geodynamics by Moores, E.M. & Twiss, R.J 
  • Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions by George H. Davis, Stephen J. Reynolds, Charles F. Kluth S
  • Structural Geology by Twiss, R.J. & Moores, E.M.
  • Carbonate Sedimentology by Tucker, M.E. & Wright, V.P 
  • Applied Sedimentology by Selley, R.C., 
  • Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks by Boggs Jr. S
  • Sedimentary Rocks Pettijohn, F.J
  • Introduction to Applied Geophysics by Burger R.H., Sheehan, A. & Jones, C 
  • Geophysical Methods in Geology by Sharma, P.V 
  • The Solid Earth: An Introduction to Global Geophysics by Fowler, CMR 
  • Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology by Best, M.G 
  • Petrology: Igneous, Sedimentary, & Metamorphic by Blatt, H., Tracy, R.& Owens, D 
  • Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology by Best, M.G.
  • Metamorphic Petrology by Turner, F.J.
  • Sequence Stratigraphy by Emery, D. & Myers, K.J.
  • Elements of Petroleum Geology by Richard C. Selley, 
  • Petroleum Geology by North, F.K., 
  • Geology of Pakistan by Bender, F.K. & Raza, H.A.
  • Engineering Geology: Principles and Practice by David George Price, Michael de Freitas 
  • Engineering Geology by F G Bell 
  • Fundamentals of Engineering Geology by Bell, F.A.G.
  • Environmental Geology by Montgomery, C.W.
  • Geology of Himalaya, Karakuram, Hindukush in Pakistan by Tahirkheli, R.A.K.,
  • Geology of Pakistan by Bender, F.K. & Raza, 
  • Stratigraphy and Historical Geology of Pakistan by Kazmi, A.H and Abbasi, I.A 
  • Economic Geology: Principles and Practice by Walter L. Pohl 
  • Directory of Mineral Deposits of Pakistan by Zaki, A., 
  • An Introduction to Ore Geology by Evans, A.M., 
  • Metallogeny and Mineral Deposits of Pakistan by Kazmi, A.H. & Abbas, S.G., 
  • Introduction to Mineral Exploration by Moon, C.J., Whateley, M.K.G. and Evans, A.M. 
  • Energy Resources by Brown and Skipsy 
  • Pakistan Energy Yearbook 2012 by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan. Islamabad
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